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1.
Psychol Health ; : 1-16, 2024 Feb 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38361382

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Undergraduate drinking is associated with childhood adversity, early alcohol experience, and drinker self-schema. However, the pathway linking childhood adversity to undergraduate drinking problems remains undefined. This study aimed to identify the effects of childhood poly-adversity on the sequelae of adolescent alcohol-use trajectory, drinker self-schema, and alcohol problems among undergraduates. We also examined whether adolescent alcohol-use trajectory and drinker self-schema mediated the effects of childhood poly-adversity on undergraduate alcohol problems. METHODS: Baseline data from an ongoing prospective study, which included 851 first- and second-year full-time college students in Taiwan, were used. An anonymous online questionnaire was administered. RESULTS: The results showed that low poly-adversity and high poly-adversity were associated with the mean of initial alcohol use frequency during adolescence and further alcohol problems at college than those with no adversity. High poly-adversity was also associated with the increase in alcohol use frequency during adolescence. Both initial and increase in alcohol use frequency were associated with higher drinker self-schema scores and further alcohol problems. The indirect effects of high poly-adversity on undergraduate alcohol problems were mediated through adolescent alcohol-use trajectories and drinker self-schema. CONCLUSION: Findings suggest that early identification of childhood poly-adversity and interventions to decrease adolescent drinking may prevent the formation of drinker self-schema and reduce undergraduate drinking problems.

2.
Addict Behav Rep ; 19: 100535, 2024 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38419748

RESUMO

Introduction: Much research into the links between parental problematic alcohol use and adolescent substance use has focused on clinically diagnosed parental alcohol disorders. Few prior studies have utilised validated measures of adolescents' perception of parental alcohol problems and considered the severity of these problems. This study examined the associations between the severity of perceived parental alcohol problems and adolescents' drinking patterns in a Swedish national sample. Methods: We used survey information from grade 9 and 11 students (15-18 years) from 2021 (n = 9,227). Perceived parental alcohol problems were measured by the short version of The Children of Alcoholics Screening Test (CAST-6). The outcomes were: alcohol consumption during the past 12 months, frequent heavy episodic drinking (HED), and early alcohol debut (before age 14). Sociodemographic characteristics were adjusted for. Results: Binary logistic regressions showed that the severity of perceived parental alcohol problems was associated with alcohol consumption during the past 12 months (low severity OR 1.53, p < 0.001; moderate severity OR 1.85, p < 0.001; high severity OR 2.52, p < 0.001), HED (low severity OR 1.16, n.s.; moderate severity OR 1.31, n.s.; high severity OR 1.64, p < 0.01), and early alcohol debut (low severity OR 1.57, p < 0.001; moderate severity OR 1.65, p < 0.001; high severity OR 2.20, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Adolescents with perceived parental alcohol problems are more likely to have risky drinking patterns themselves, and the likelihood becomes higher with increased severity. Effective interventions for children whose parents have drinking problems are important, and should also take the severity of the parents' drinking problem into account.

3.
J Youth Adolesc ; 53(4): 833-848, 2024 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37864729

RESUMO

Research suggests that parental substance use disorder is associated with adolescent drinking indirectly through negative urgency, a form of impulsivity that is particularly associated with high-risk drinking. Moreover, childhood mechanisms of risk may play a role in this developmental chain such that childhood temperament and parenting may be mechanisms through which parental substance use disorder is associated with adolescent negative urgency and drinking behavior. Therefore, the current study tested whether parental substance use disorder was indirectly associated with adolescent drinking frequency through childhood temperament (i.e., "dysregulated irritability") and adolescent negative urgency, and whether relations differed by levels of maternal support and consistency of discipline. Data come from a multigenerational, longitudinal study of familial substance use disorder (N = 276, Mage in childhood = 6.28 (SD = 1.16), Mage in adolescence = 15.86 (SD = 1.56), 45.3% female). Findings indicated that parental substance use disorder indirectly predicted adolescent drinking through both childhood dysregulated irritability and adolescent negative urgency (mediated pathways). This indirect relation was stronger at higher vs. lower levels of maternal support but did not vary by maternal consistency of discipline. Parental substance use disorder also indirectly predicted adolescent drinking separately through childhood dysregulated irritability and negative urgency. Findings thus suggest that childhood dysregulated irritability may be an early marker of risk toward high-risk personality traits and behavior in adolescence that are associated with having a parental history of substance use disorder. Findings also suggest that increased maternal support may only be helpful in buffering risk for those with low levels of dysregulated irritability. Prevention efforts focused on childhood emotion regulation and emotion-based action may be useful in preventing adolescent risk behavior.


Assuntos
Comportamento do Adolescente , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias , Consumo de Álcool por Menores , Adolescente , Humanos , Feminino , Masculino , Poder Familiar/psicologia , Estudos Longitudinais , Temperamento , Pais , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/psicologia , Comportamento do Adolescente/psicologia , Comportamento de Ingestão de Líquido
4.
Drug Alcohol Depend ; 248: 109909, 2023 Jul 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37163864

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified hundreds of loci associated with alcohol-related traits. GWAS permit the calculation of polygenic risk scores (PRS), which aggregate genetic risk for a trait across the genome. To evaluate the usefulness of a PRS for problematic alcohol use (PAU)-which subsumes alcohol use disorder (AUD) and alcohol-related problems-we tested whether this PRS predicted heavy drinking and alcohol problems after accounting for family history of AUD and prior drinking history, robust and established predictors of PAU. METHODS: Participants (N=665) were European-ancestry members of the Michigan Longitudinal Study, a prospective family study with high rates (65%) of parental AUD. Participants reported their frequency of alcohol use, maximum drinks consumed in a 24-hour period, and alcohol use problems at four assessments in adolescence and young adulthood (11-29 years old). We used polygenic prediction via Bayesian regression and continuous shrinkage priors to create a PAU PRS using summary statistics from a meta-GWAS of PAU. RESULTS: After adjusting for demographic covariates, parental AUD, and drinking and alcohol use problems in early and mid/late adolescence, the PAU PRS was significantly associated with alcohol-related problems in young adulthood (ß=.08, p=.047; R2=0.6%). The PAU PRS also had a significant indirect effect on alcohol use problems in young adulthood through earlier drinking and alcohol use problems (ß=.02, p=.03). CONCLUSIONS: The PAU PRS predicted alcohol problems in young adulthood after accounting for parental history of AUD and alcohol use in adolescence, providing evidence that genetic data uniquely inform the etiology of alcohol problems.


Assuntos
Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Álcool , Alcoolismo , Consumo de Álcool por Menores , Adolescente , Humanos , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Criança , Alcoolismo/epidemiologia , Alcoolismo/genética , Estudos Longitudinais , Estudo de Associação Genômica Ampla , Estudos Prospectivos , Teorema de Bayes , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/epidemiologia , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/genética , Fatores de Risco , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Álcool/epidemiologia , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Álcool/genética , Pais
5.
Front Psychol ; 14: 1199285, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38274673

RESUMO

Introduction: Parenting and peer victimization (PV) are crucial for adolescent drinking. To further explore the cause of adolescent drinking, the present study investigated the role of PV and personal growth initiative (PGI) in the relationship between parental corporal punishment (PCP) and adolescent drinking. Methods: Present study build moderated mediation models to test the hypothesis, and detailed analysis of gender differences was conducted on the models. The data were collected in a cross-sectional questionnaire study with n = 1,007 adolescents (mean age = 13.16 years, 51.84% girls, n = 522). Results: Model analysis showed that: (1) PV totally mediated the relationship between PCP and adolescent girls' drinking behavior; (2) The positive association between PV and drinking was only significant for girls with low PGI. Discussion: These findings underscore the importance of the protective effect of a personality trait characterized by spontaneous self-promotion on adolescent girls' drinking.

6.
Front Psychol ; 13: 993517, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36532967

RESUMO

Brief motivational intervention (BMI) and personalized feedback intervention (PFI) are individual-focused brief alcohol intervention approaches that have been proven efficacious for reducing alcohol use among college students and young adults. Although the efficacy of these two intervention approaches has been well established, little is known about the factors that may modify their effects on alcohol outcomes. In particular, high school drinking may be a risk factor for continued and heightened use of alcohol in college, and thus may influence the outcomes of BMI and PFI. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether high school drinking was associated with different intervention outcomes among students who received PFI compared to those who received BMI. We conducted moderation analyses examining 348 mandated students (60.1% male; 73.3% White; and 61.5% first-year student) who were randomly assigned to either a BMI or a PFI and whose alcohol consumption was assessed at 4-month and 15-month follow-ups. Results from marginalized zero-inflated Poisson models showed that high school drinking moderated the effects of PFI and BMI at the 4-month follow-up but not at the 15-month follow-up. Specifically, students who reported no drinking in their senior year of high school consumed a 49% higher mean number of drinks after receiving BMI than PFI at the 4-month follow-up. The results suggest that alcohol consumption in high school may be informative when screening and allocating students to appropriate alcohol interventions to meet their different needs.

7.
Int J Drug Policy ; 100: 103508, 2022 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34736131

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Adolescent alcohol consumption has been declining in many high-income countries since the turn of this century. Research investigating the plausible explanations for these declines has been mostly based on individual-level studies, which are largely inconclusive. Changes in leisure time internet use and computer gaming (referred to in this article as 'computer activities') have been hypothesised to play a role in declining adolescent alcohol consumption at a country-level. The aim of this study was to examine the association between country-level changes over time in computer activities and adolescent drinking in 33 European countries. METHODS: This is a multi-level repeated cross-national study examining the role of changes over time in country-level and individual-level computer activities on regular drinking. We utilised four waves of the European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Drugs (ESPAD) from 2003, 2007, 2011 and 2015. At an individual-level the primary exposure of interest was daily engagement in computer activities and aggregated means were used to measure country-level daily computer activities in each included country. Data were analysed using three-level hierarchical linear probability methods. RESULTS: In the fully adjusted model, for between individual effects, we found significant positive association between daily computer activities and regular drinking (ß = 0.043, p-value <0.001 and 95% CI = 0.033-0.054). However, at a country-level, we did not find any association between within-country changes in daily computer activities and regular drinking (ß = 0.031, p-value = 0.652 and 95% CI = -0.103-0.164. CONCLUSION: Findings from this study suggest that broad cultural shifts towards increased computer-based activities among adolescents has played a little or no role in declining adolescent drinking. Future research should be directed towards examining other high-level cultural changes which may have influenced cross-national reductions in adolescent drinking.


Assuntos
Comportamento do Adolescente , Consumo de Álcool por Menores , Jogos de Vídeo , Adolescente , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/epidemiologia , Computadores , Humanos , Uso da Internet , Atividades de Lazer
10.
Addiction ; 116(7): 1716-1724, 2021 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33283325

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Research shows that sensitivity to certain alcohol responses conveys risk for problem drinking. This study aimed to determine if high-risk adolescent drinkers infuse more alcohol and experience greater alcohol-induced stimulation and wanting and less sedation than low-risk adolescent drinkers. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS: Ninety-two low- (n = 38) and high-risk (n = 54) adolescent drinkers, as determined by Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test scores of < 6 or ≥ 6, respectively, participated in the Dresden Longitudinal Study on Alcohol Use in Young Adults in which intravenous alcohol self-administration was examined in a mixed within- and between-subjects design. SETTING: Technische Universität Dresden. Dresden, Germany. MEASUREMENTS: Predictors were drinking status (high- versus low-risk), time and their interactions. Outcomes were arterial blood alcohol concentration (aBAC); alcohol-induced stimulation, sedation and wanting assessed at baseline, 10 (alcohol prime), 45, 65, 85, 105, 125 and 145 minutes. Covariates were family history of alcohol use disorder, sex and aBAC. RESULTS: The alcohol prime dose produced similar sharp increases in stimulation and sedation in high- and low-risk drinkers (time P < 0.001; group × time P > 0.05). During self-administration, high-risk drinkers reached higher aBACs (P = 0.028) at a faster rate (group × time P < 0.001), and experienced further increases in stimulation (group × time P = 0.005) but with similar sedation (group × time P = 0.794) than in low-risk drinkers. High-risk drinkers also exhibited greater tonic alcohol wanting (group P = 0.003) throughout the session. CONCLUSIONS: High-risk adolescent drinkers appear to have heightened sensitivity to alcohol-induced stimulation and tonic high levels of wanting compared with low-risk adolescent drinkers.


Assuntos
Alcoolismo , Adolescente , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/epidemiologia , Alcoolismo/epidemiologia , Concentração Alcoólica no Sangue , Etanol , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Adulto Jovem
11.
Drug Alcohol Rev ; 40(5): 808-816, 2021 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33314482

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: There is currently no good explanation for the decline in adolescent drinking reported for many Western countries in recent years. As modern computer gaming is highly exciting and socially rewarding, it may function as a substitute for adolescent binge drinking. We hypothesized a negative correlation between country-level changes in computer gaming and binge drinking. METHODS: We analysed within-country changes based on data from 15-16 year-old pupils (n = 517 794) participating in the European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Drugs from 1995 to 2015. Binge drinking in the last 30 days (5+ units on one occasion) was regressed on frequency of computer gaming and three control variables measuring the frequency of engagement in other hobbies, reading books and going out (to a disco, cafe, etc.). RESULTS: Descriptive data showed no general decline in binge drinking across European countries. In contrast to our prediction, the association between binge drinking and computer gaming was not negative [b = 0.26, one-sided 95% confidence interval (-∞, 0.47), P = 0.98, Bayes Factor = 0.21]. We found the same pattern of result in a secondary analysis on six Nordic countries that have experienced declines in adolescent drinking recent years. In analyses with covariates reflecting engagement in other activities, we only observed statistical evidence for an effect of going out. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: A substantial decline in adolescent binge drinking during the years 1995-2015 is only evident in some European countries, and it is likely not caused by increased computer gaming.


Assuntos
Consumo Excessivo de Bebidas Alcoólicas , Consumo de Álcool por Menores , Jogos de Vídeo , Adolescente , Teorema de Bayes , Consumo Excessivo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/epidemiologia , Computadores , Humanos
12.
Addiction ; 115(11): 2140-2147, 2020 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32141130

RESUMO

AIMS: Despite legal age limits set for alcohol consumption, parents are one of the main suppliers of alcohol to underage minors. Although supply from non-parental sources has been found to be associated with greater risk of harm compared with parental supply, the association between parental supply and supply from other sources is unclear. This study investigated the associations between parental supply of sips and whole serves of alcohol on subsequent other supply, conditional on current supply from non-parental sources. METHODS: Data from the Australian Parental Supply of Alcohol Longitudinal Study cohort of adolescents was used. A cohort of 1927 Australian children recruited in grade 7 (mean age 12.9 years) was surveyed annually from 2010 to 2016 (94%, n = 1821 included for analyses). The primary outcome was alcohol exposure from other sources ('other supply'), including alcohol supply from other adults, friends, siblings, or self-supply, compared with adolescents reporting no supply from these sources. Analyses were conducted using random intercept logistic regression (to account for within-respondent correlation). RESULTS: Parental supply of alcohol alone was associated with increased odds of receiving alcohol from other non-parental sources in subsequent years (OR: 1.99; 95% CI: 1.65-2.39) after adjusting for confounders. Increased odds of subsequent other supply were associated with current parental supply of sips (OR: 1.92; 95% CI: 1.56-2.36) and whole drinks (OR: 2.76; 95% CI: 1.85-4.11). CONCLUSIONS: Parental supply of alcohol appears to increase the risk of subsequent supply of alcohol from other sources in certain contexts.


Assuntos
Bebidas Alcoólicas/estatística & dados numéricos , Relações Pais-Filho , Pais , Consumo de Álcool por Menores/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Austrália/epidemiologia , Criança , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Amigos , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Estudos Prospectivos , Irmãos , Inquéritos e Questionários
13.
J Child Adolesc Subst Abuse ; 28(1): 32-38, 2019.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31481826

RESUMO

Sensation seeking has been identified as a significant risk factor for adolescent alcohol use. Little is known, however, about the process by which sensation seeking impacts heavy alcohol use. The current study used structural equation modeling (SEM) to examine the relationships among sensation seeking, age of drinking initiation, and heavy alcohol use in a sample of high school seniors (N = 221). Results supporting age of drinking initiation as a mediator of the relationship between sensation seeking and heavy alcohol use. Implications include providing personality-targeted prevention to adolescents who display sensation seeking traits to delay drinking initiation among these students.

14.
Drug Alcohol Depend ; 191: 98-109, 2018 10 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30096640

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The effects of parent-based interventions on adolescent alcohol use are unclear, including what factors moderate intervention effects. This study examines the effects of parent-based interventions on adolescent alcohol use and whether the treatment effects vary by participants' characteristics and intervention characteristics. METHODS: Eleven electronic databases and relevant studies' references were searched for eligible studies published before March 2017. Randomized controlled trials investigating the efficacy of any parent-based intervention for alcohol use outcomes among adolescents up to 18 years old were eligible for review. Two reviewers independently conducted screening, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment. Robust variance estimation in meta-regression was used to analyze treatment effect size estimates and to conduct moderator analysis. RESULTS: Twenty studies were included in the meta-analysis. The average treatment effect size across all drinking outcomes, with 44 effect sizes from 20 studies, was g = -0.23 with a 95% confidence interval [-0.35, -0.10] which is statistically significant. Parent-based interventions appreared to have larger mean effect sizes on adolescent drinking intention than binge drinking. Interventions targeting both general and alcohol-specific parenting strategies had larger average effect sizes than interventions targeting alcohol-specific parenting only. CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis found evidence of parent-based interventions' efficacy in preventing or reducing adolescent alcohol use.


Assuntos
Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/prevenção & controle , Consumo Excessivo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/prevenção & controle , Poder Familiar/psicologia , Consumo de Álcool por Menores/prevenção & controle , Adolescente , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/psicologia , Consumo Excessivo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/psicologia , Humanos , Intenção , Relações Pais-Filho , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Resultado do Tratamento , Consumo de Álcool por Menores/psicologia
15.
Aust N Z J Public Health ; 42(4): 347-353, 2018 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30035831

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: We investigated parent sociodemographic and drinking characteristics in relation to whether they approved of their children drinking at ages 13, 14, 15 and 16 years. METHODS: We collected data annually from 2010-2014, in which 1,927 parent-child dyads, comprising school students (mean age 12.9 years at baseline) and one of their parents, participated. Our operational definition of parental approval of children drinking was based on the behaviour of parents in pre-specified contexts, reported by children. We measured parents' drinking with the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption (AUDIT-C) scale and performed logistic regression to estimate associations between exposures and each wave of outcomes. RESULTS: Parents' approval of their children's drinking increased from 4.6% at age 13 years to 13% at age 16 years and was more common in parents of daughters than parents of sons (OR 1.62; 95%CI: 1.23 to 2.12). Parents in low-income families (OR 2.67; 1.73 to 4.12), single parents (OR 1.62; 1.17 to 2.25), parents with less than a higher school certificate (OR 1.54; 1.07 to 2.22), and parents who drank more heavily (OR 1.17; 1.09 to 1.25) were more likely to approve of their child drinking. CONCLUSIONS: Socially disadvantaged parents were more likely to approve of their children drinking alcohol. Implications for public health: The findings identify high-risk groups in the population and may help explain the socioeconomic gradients in alcohol-related morbidity and mortality seen in many countries.


Assuntos
Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/epidemiologia , Atitude Frente a Saúde , Relações Pais-Filho , Poder Familiar , Pais/psicologia , Estudantes , Adolescente , Comportamento do Adolescente , Adulto , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/psicologia , Austrália/epidemiologia , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Inquéritos e Questionários
16.
Sleep ; 41(2)2018 Feb 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29237053

RESUMO

Inadequate sleep and problematic drinking are prevalent among high school students and are significant public health issues. Inadequate sleep may contribute to alcohol use through impairments in emotion regulation or cognitive functioning, whereas alcohol use may lead to inadequate sleep through the biological effects of alcohol or social influences. However, the directionality of the associations between sleep and drinking variables remains unclear as most prior studies were cross-sectional. This study utilizes longitudinal data from the NEXT Generation Health Study to examine bidirectional associations between alcohol use and sleep adequacy in a nationally representative sample across 3 years of high school. Students reported usual bedtimes and waketimes for scheduled- and free-days, alcohol use, and heavy episodic drinking. Estimates of sleep duration, chronotype, and social jetlag were calculated. Cross-lagged autoregressive models revealed evidence of alcohol use predicting subsequent sleep duration and timing, and sleep timing predicting subsequent alcohol use. Specifically, previous-wave alcohol use predicted shorter free-day sleep duration and later chronotype at 11th and 12th grade, and more social jetlag at 12th grade; similar results were obtained for heavy episodic drinking. Eleventh grade social jetlag predicted subsequent year current alcohol use; eleventh grade chronotype and social jetlag predicted subsequent year heavy episodic drinking. Bidirectional findings suggest that alcohol use and sleep may reflect mutually reinforcing life style choices. Understanding these bidirectional associations could inform risk prevention interventions. Given the implications of poor sleep for adolescents, further research on possible social influences on the alcohol-sleep relations is merited. Clinical Trial Registration: NCT01031160.

17.
Neuropharmacology ; 131: 128-142, 2018 03 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29241653

RESUMO

One in 12 adults suffer with alcohol use disorder (AUD). Studies suggest the younger the age in which alcohol consumption begins the higher the probability of being diagnosed with AUD. Binge/excessive alcohol drinking involves a transition from flexible to inflexible behavior likely involving the dorsal striatum (caudate and putamen nuclei). A major focus of this study was to examine the effect of age of drinking onset on subsequent chronic, voluntary ethanol intake and dorsal striatal circuitry. Data from rhesus monkeys (n = 45) that started drinking as adolescents, young adults or mature adults confirms an age-related risk for heavy drinking. Striatal neuroadaptations were examined using whole-cell patch clamp electrophysiology to record AMPA receptor-mediated miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs) and GABAA receptor-mediated miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents (mIPSCs) from medium-sized spiny projection neurons located in the caudate or putamen nuclei. In controls, greater GABAergic transmission (mIPSC frequency and amplitude) was observed in the putamen compared to the caudate. With advancing age, in the absence of ethanol, an increase in mIPSC frequency concomitant with changes in mIPSC amplitude was observed in both regions. Chronic ethanol drinking decreased mIPSC frequency in the putamen regardless of age of onset. In the caudate, an ethanol drinking-induced increase in mIPSC frequency was only observed in monkeys that began drinking as young adults. Glutamatergic transmission did not differ between the dorsal striatal subregions in controls. With chronic ethanol drinking there was a decrease in the postsynaptic characteristics of rise time and area of mEPSCs in the putamen but an increase in mEPSC frequency in the caudate. Together, the observed changes in striatal physiology indicate a combined disinhibition due to youth and ethanol leading to abnormally strong activation of the putamen that could contribute to the increased risk for problem drinking in younger drinkers.


Assuntos
Adaptação Fisiológica/fisiologia , Fatores Etários , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/patologia , Corpo Estriado/patologia , Sinapses/fisiologia , Transmissão Sináptica/fisiologia , Adaptação Fisiológica/efeitos dos fármacos , Idade de Início , Animais , Depressores do Sistema Nervoso Central/administração & dosagem , Depressores do Sistema Nervoso Central/toxicidade , Corpo Estriado/fisiopatologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Estimulação Elétrica , Etanol/administração & dosagem , Etanol/toxicidade , Macaca mulatta , Masculino , Técnicas de Patch-Clamp , Análise de Componente Principal , Autoadministração , Sinapses/efeitos dos fármacos , Transmissão Sináptica/efeitos dos fármacos , Ácido gama-Aminobutírico/metabolismo , Ácido gama-Aminobutírico/farmacologia
19.
Addiction ; 112(5): 792-800, 2017 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27943493

RESUMO

AIMS: To estimate whether parental socio-economic status (SES) is associated with adolescent drinking, and the degree to which a possible association may be accounted for by various parental factors. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional Norwegian school survey from 2006 (response rate: 86%). PARTICIPANTS: Students aged 13-14 years (n = 5797), 15-16 years (n = 6613) and 17-18 years (n = 5351), of whom 51% were girls. MEASUREMENTS: Parents' education was our main SES indicator, and we distinguished between low (7%) and middle/high (93%) educational level. The outcomes comprised past-year drinking and intoxication. We also applied measures on general parenting, parents' alcohol-related permissiveness and parental intoxication. The main analyses were conducted using Poisson regression. FINDINGS: Parents' education had no statistically significant impact on alcohol use among the 17-18-year-olds, while 13-16-year-olds with low educated parents had an elevated relative risk (RR) of both drinking [RR = 1.21, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.13-1.29] and intoxication (RR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.21-1.44). The RRs became statistically insignificant when including all the parental factors as covariates in the regression models. Among adolescents who had consumed alcohol, low parental education was related to more frequent drinking (RR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.11-1.38) and intoxication episodes (RR = 1.42, 95% CI = 1.22-1.66). Again, the RRs became statistically insignificant when we accounted for all the parental factors. This pattern was replicated when we applied an alternative indicator for low parental SES. CONCLUSIONS: Adolescent drinking in Norway appears to be related inversely to parents' social standing. The elevated risk of low socio-economic status vanishes when general parenting, alcohol-related parental permissiveness and parents' drinking are accounted for.


Assuntos
Intoxicação Alcoólica/epidemiologia , Classe Social , Consumo de Álcool por Menores/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Estudos Transversais , Escolaridade , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Noruega/epidemiologia , Poder Familiar , Análise de Regressão , Risco , Inquéritos e Questionários
20.
Addict Behav ; 64: 6-12, 2017 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27533076

RESUMO

This study examined protective behavioral strategies (PBS) as a moderator of the relationship between impulsive sensation seeking and binge drinking and alcohol-related consequences in a sample of high school seniors (N=346). Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that impulsive sensation seeking was a significant predictor of binge drinking and alcohol-related consequences and that PBS moderated these relationships. Specifically, manner of drinking moderated the relationships such that among students with high impulsive sensation seeking, those using strategies related to how they drink (e.g. avoiding rapid and excessive drinking) reported lower levels of binge drinking and alcohol-related consequences than those using fewer of these strategies. Clinical implications are discussed including using personality-targeted interventions that equip high impulsive sensation seeking adolescents with specific strategies to reduce binge drinking and alcohol-related consequences.


Assuntos
Comportamento do Adolescente/psicologia , Consumo Excessivo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/epidemiologia , Consumo Excessivo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/psicologia , Comportamento Impulsivo , Consumo de Álcool por Menores/psicologia , Consumo de Álcool por Menores/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Fatores de Proteção , Fatores de Risco
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